Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Process

Question: Discuss about the Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Process. Answer: Introduction: Deontology states that few actions are morally wrong even after it obtains a good consequence. Moreover, a sense of duty is included while taking decision. For better understanding of the ethical consideration, it can be related with case study. Student who is not getting good marks instead of studying hard can take the decision of disclosing the incident about cheating of another student who has got higher marks through taking help from outside. Deontology is appropriate here because if the student shares how another student is getting higher marks it will lead to good result as the professor could punish or warn the student for his cheating; however, this is against moral because it will cause adverse effect to the classmate.In this situation, the student who is getting poor marks in Economics in spite of studying hard can inform the tutor about the student, who is cheating to get more marks in Economics class because the consequence will be better whether the decision is good or n ot. Here theory of Utilitarianism has been considered. The concept of this theory is considered with the consequences of an action. Whether the action is right or not is determined by analyzing the fact that the action has been utilized for the sake of good. The purpose of this theory is inclined towards the greater welfare. This theory also goes with this case study because it aligns the concept of this theory with the case scenario. The advere result will be more massive if the lady is not removed. As per the case study, majority of the people can survive if an individual is sacrificed for the sake of an overall good result; thus it is clear that case scenario satisfies the theory. Here for this case study, Normative Relativism can be considered. For this case study, such theory has been taken because whatever decision is taken should not be judged. As per the concept behind the theory of Normative Relativism, no decisions should not be judged from the point of any moral codes. I should take a decision that is required to be made to save ones life; whomever I chose to save whether it is my daughter or my niece, my moral codes of behaviour should not be judged. Final thoughts on ethics morality values: Normative relativism concerned with the evaluative claims that right or wrong are only based on the framework. It is believed that normative relativism are not simply true in themselves rather it has truth values that are relative to the broader frameworks like moral codes. Normative relativism reflects three aspects like: an individual is required to follow the moral code of his culture or society. It will be considered as immoral if the individual violates the moral code ones culture or society. Next aspect states that there is no such provision where moral code of a culture and society can be identified as worse or better. There is no such objective true or universally valid morals that can rank moral codes of the different societies or cultures. Moreover, there are no scopes to define that some moral codes are more humane or enlightened in comparison to others. As there is no such principle exist, the concept of moral progress is also invalid in this term. The final aspect is, in dividuals should tolerate the moral codes of other culture and society. People must not force an individual to be part of their moral codes of culture or society; in addition, people should be judged from the point of view of a person who believes in other moral codes of culture.